Ten years on from the Columbine high school massacre, there is a much better understanding of how teenagers end up violent and aggressive, and how to prevent this happening. Del Elliott, founder of Blueprints - a database of proven violence prevention programs - visits the UK this week to reflect on the good that has come out of such tragedy.
Scared Straight takes children thought to be at risk of delinquency to prisons to observe life there first-hand and to meet adult inmates. This is meant to deter young people from following a similar path. However, a systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration showed that not only does it fail to deter crime, but actually leads to more offending.
DARE - or Drug Abuse Resistance Education - is an education program that aims to prevent young people using drugs, turning to violence or joining gangs. Young people on the program are given classes in school by local police officers about the dangers of drugs over a ten week period. However, rigorous evaluation has shown that it does not work.
Internal validity refers to questions regarding the validity of a single study.
Public health approaches seek to prevent impairments to health and development by changing the behavior or exposure to risks of a specified population.
Rights refer to powers or liberties to which one is justly entitled, those things to which one has a just claim.
social exclusion
Social exclusion refers to the involuntary detachment of an individual from mainstream society, usually as a result of the long-term accumulation of multidimensional disadvantage.